Athlon is the brand name applied to a series of different x86 processors designed and manufactured by AMD. The original Athlon, or Athlon Classic, was the first seventh-generation x86 processor and, in a first, retained the initial performance lead it had over Intel's competing processors for a significant period of time. AMD has continued the Athlon name with the Athlon 64, an eighth-generation processor featuring AMD64 (later renamed x86-64) technology.
The Athlon made its debut on June 23, 1999. The name was chosen by AMD as short for "decathlon". Athlon was the ancient Greek word for "Champion/trophy of the games".
General Architecture
Internally, the Athlon is a fully seventh generation x86 processor, the first of its kind. The CPU was designed by a combination of AMD engineers and ex-DEC engineers. The result was a merging of technologies from AMD's earlier CPUs and the DEC Alpha 21264.
Like the AMD K5 and K6, the Athlon is a RISC microprocessor which decodes x86 instructions into its own internal instructions at runtime. The CPU is an out-of-order design, like previous post-5x86 AMD CPUs. The Athlon utilizes the DEC Alpha EV6 bus architecture with double data rate (DDR) technology. This means that at 100 MHz the Athlon front side bus actually transfers at a rate similar to a 200 MHz single data rate bus, like that used on Intel's Pentium III.
AMD designed the CPU with more robust x86 instruction decoding capabilities than that of K6, to enhance its ability to keep more data in-flight at once. Athlon's CISC to RISC decoder triplet could potentially decode 6 x86 operations per clock, although this was somewhat unlikely in real-world use.[1] The critical branch predictor unit, essential to keeping the pipeline busy, was enhanced compared to what was onboard the K6. Deeper pipelining with more stages allowed higher clock speeds to be attained.[2] Whereas the AMD K6-III+ topped out at 570 MHz due to its short pipeline, even when built on the 180 nm process, the Athlon was capable of going much higher.
AMD ended its long-time handicap with floating point x87 performance by designing an impressive super-pipelined, out-of-order, triple-issue floating point unit.[1] Each of its 3 units were tailored to be able to calculate an optimal type of instructions with some redundancy. By having separate units, it was possible to operate on more than one floating point instruction at once.[1] This FPU was a huge step forward for AMD. While the K6 FPU had looked anemic compared to the Intel P6 FPU, with Athlon this was no longer the case.[3]
The 3DNow! floating point SIMD technology, again present, received some revisions and a name change to "Enhanced 3DNow!". Additions included DSP instructions and an implementation of the extended-MMX subset of Intel SSE.[4]
CPU Caching onboard Athlon consisted of the typical two levels. Firstly, Athlon has the largest level 1 cache in x86 history; a 2-way associative cache of 2×64 KiB separated into data and instruction cache (Harvard architecture).[1] This cache was double the size of K6's already large 2×32 KiB cache, and quadruple the size of Pentium II and III's 2×16 KiB L1 cache. Athlon initially used 512 KiB of L2 cache, separate from the CPU, on the cartridge circuit board. This was done because the 250 nm CPU manufacturing processes was too large to allow for on-die cache while maintaining cost-effective die size. Later Athlon CPUs, afforded greater transistor budgets by smaller 180 nm and 130 nm process nodes, moved to on-die L2 cache at full CPU clock speed.
[edit] Athlon
[edit] Athlon Classic
Athlon Classic launched on June 23, 1999. It showed superior performance compared to the reigning champion, Pentium III, in every benchmark.[5]
Athlon Classic is a cartridge-based processor. The design, called Slot A, was quite similar to but incompatible with Intel's Slot 1 cartridge used for Pentium II and Pentium III. The cartridge allowed use of higher speed cache memory than is possible to put on the motherboard. Like Pentium II and the "Katmai"-core Pentium III, Athlon Classic used a 512 KiB secondary cache. This cache, again like its competitors, ran at a fraction of the core clock rate and had its own 64-bit bus, called a "backside bus" that allowed concurrent system front side bus and cache accesses.[6] Initially the L2 cache was set for half of the CPU clock speed, on up to 700 MHz Athlon CPUs. Faster Slot-A processors were forced to compromise with cache clock speed and ran at 2/5 (up to 850 MHz) or 1/3 (up to 1 GHz).[7] The SRAM available at the time was incapable of matching the Athlon's clock scalability, due both to cache chip technology limitations and electrical/cache latency complications of running an external cache at such a high speed.
The Slot-A Athlons were the first multiplier-locked CPUs from AMD. This was partly done to hinder CPU remarking being done by questionable resellers around the globe. AMD's older CPUs could simply be set to run at whatever clock speed the user chose on the motherboard, making it trivial to relabel a CPU and sell it as a faster grade than it was originally intended. These relabeled CPUs were not always stable, being overclocked and not tested properly, and this was damaging to AMD's reputation. Although the Athlon was multiplier locked, crafty enthusiasts eventually discovered that a connector on the PCB of the cartridge could control the multiplier. Eventually a product called the "Goldfingers device" was created that could unlock the CPU, named after the gold connector pads on the processor board that it attached to.[8]
In commercial terms, the Athlon Classic was an enormous success — not just because of its own merits, but also because the normally dependable Intel endured a series of major production, design, and quality control issues at this time. In particular, Intel's transition to the 180 nm production process, starting in late 1999 and running through to mid-2000, suffered delays. There was a shortage of Pentium III parts. In contrast, AMD enjoyed a remarkably smooth process transition, had ample supplies available, causing Athlon sales to become quite strong.
Specifications
- -> K7 "Argon" (250 nm)
- -> K75 "Pluto/Orion" (180 nm)
- L1-Cache: 64 + 64 KiB (Data + Instructions)
- L2-Cache: 512 KiB, external chips on CPU module with 50, 40 or 33% of CPU-speed
- MMX, 3DNow!
- Slot A (EV6)
- Front side bus: 200 MT/s (100 MHz double-pumped)
- VCore: 1.6 V (K7), 1.6 - 1.8 V (K75)
- First release: June 23, 1999 (K7), November 29 1999 (K75)
- Clockrate: 500 - 700 MHz (K7), 550 - 1000 MHz (K75)
[edit] Thunderbird (T-Bird)
The second generation Athlon, the Thunderbird, debuted on June 5, 2000. This version of the Athlon shipped in a more traditional pin-grid array (PGA) format that plugged into a socket ("Socket A") on the motherboard. It was sold at speeds ranging from 600 to 1400 MHz. The major difference, however, was cache design. Just as Intel had done when they replaced the old Katmai Pentium III with the much faster Coppermine P-III, AMD replaced the 512 KiB external reduced-speed cache of the Athlon Classic with 256 KiB of on-chip, full-speed exclusive cache. As a general rule, more cache improves performance, but faster cache improves it further still.[9]
AMD changed cache design significantly with Thunderbird. With the older Athlon CPUs, the CPU caching was of an inclusive design where data from the L1 is duplicated in the L2 cache. Thunderbird moved to an exclusive design where the L1 cache's contents are not duplicated in the L2. This increases total cache size of the processor and effectively makes caching behave as if there is a very large L1 cache with a slower region (the L2) and a very fast region (the L1).[10] Because of Athlon's very large L1 cache and the exclusive design which turns the L2 cache into basically a "victim cache", the need for high L2 performance and size was lessened. AMD kept the 64-bit L2 cache data bus from the older Athlons, as a result, and allowed it to have a relatively high latency. A simpler L2 cache reduced the possibility of the L2 cache causing clock scaling and yield issues. Still, instead of the 2-way associative scheme used in older Athlons, Thunderbird did move to a more efficient 16-way associative layout.[9]
The Thunderbird was AMD's most successful product since the Am386DX-40 ten years earlier. Mainboard designs had improved considerably by this time, and the initial trickle of Athlon mainboard makers had swollen to include every major manufacturer. Their new fab in Dresden came on-line, allowing further production increases, and the process technology was improved by a switch to copper interconnects. In October 2000 the Athlon "C" was introduced, raising the mainboard front side bus speed to 133 MHz (266 MT/s) and providing roughly 10% extra performance per clock over the "B" model Thunderbird.
Specifications
- L1-Cache: 64 + 64 KiB (Data + Instructions)
- L2-Cache: 256 KiB, fullspeed
- MMX, 3DNow!
- Slot A & Socket A (EV6)
- Front side bus: 100 MHz (Slot-A, B-models), 133 MHz (C-models) (200, 266 MT/s)
- VCore: 1.7 V - 1.75 V
- First release: June 5, 2000
- Clockrate:
[edit] Athlon XP/MP
In performance terms, the Thunderbird had easily eclipsed the rival Pentium III, and the early Pentium 4 were a long way off the pace, but gradually clawed their way closer. The 1.7 GHz P4 (April 2001) served notice that the Thunderbird could not count on retaining performance leadership forever, and thermal and electricity-consumption issues with the Thunderbird design meant that it was not practical to take it past 1400 MHz (and even at that speed it was rather hot).
[edit] Palomino
AMD released the third major Athlon version on October 9, 2001, code-named "Palomino", and named it Athlon XP. The Athlon XP was marketed using a PR rating system, which compared its performance to an Athlon with the "Thunderbird" core. Athlon XP was introduced at speeds between 1333 and 1533 MHz, with ratings from 1500+ to 1800+. At launch, the new core allowed AMD to take the x86 performance lead with the 1800+ model, and enhance that lead with the release of the 1600 MHz 1900+ less than a month later.[11] The "XP" suffix is interpreted to mean eXtreme Performance and also as an unofficial reference to Windows XP.[12]
Palomino was the first K7 core to include the full SSE instruction set from the Intel Pentium III as well as AMD's 3DNow! Professional. It is roughly 10% faster than Thunderbird at the same clock speed, thanks in part to the new SIMD functionality and to several additional improvements. The core has enhancements to the K7's TLB architecture and the addition of a hardware data prefetch mechanism to better take advantage of available memory bandwidth.[13]
Changes in core layout result in Palomino being more frugal with its electrical demands, consuming approximately 20% less power than its predecessor, and thus reducing heat output comparatively as well.[14] While Athlon "Thunderbird" was near its clock ceiling at 1400 MHz, changes to Palomino's transistor layout and the reduction in power demands allowed it to continue increasing clock speed even at the same 180 nm manufacturing process node and core voltage.
The "Palomino" was actually first released as a mobile version, called the Mobile Athlon 4 (codenamed "Corvette").[13] Palomino was also available in a form that officially supports dual processing, known as Athlon MP.[15]
Specifications
- L1-Cache: 64 + 64 KiB (Data + Instructions)
- L2-Cache: 256 KiB, fullspeed
- MMX, 3DNow!, SSE
- Socket A (EV6)
- Front side bus: 133 MHz (266 MT/s)
- VCore: 1.75 V
- First release: October 9, 2001
- Clockrate:
- A4: 850 - 1400 MHz
- XP: 1333 - 1733 MHz (1500+ to 2100+)
- MP: 1000 - 1733 MHz
[edit] Thoroughbred (T-Bred)
The fourth-generation Athlon, the Thoroughbred, was released 10 June 2002 at 1.8 GHz, or 2200+ on the PR rating system. The "Thoroughbred" core marked AMD's first production 130 nm silicon, resulting in a significant reduction in die size compared to its 180 nm predecessor.
There are two versions of this core, commonly called A and B. The A version was introduced at 1800 MHz, and had some heat and design issues that held its clock scalability back. In fact, AMD wasn't able to increase its clock above Palomino's top grades. Because of this, it was only sold in versions from 1333 to 1800 MHz, replacing the larger Palomino core. The B version of Thoroughbred has an additional metal layer to improve its ability to reach higher clock speeds. It launched at higher clock speeds.
Other than the new manufacturing process, the Thoroughbred design was largely the same as the "Palomino". The Thoroughbred line received an increased front side bus clock during its lifetime, up to 333 MT/s from 266 MT/s. This improved the processor's memory and I/O access efficiency, and improved per-clock performance as a result. AMD shifted their PR rating scheme accordingly, making lower clock speeds equate to higher PR ratings.
Specifications
- L1-Cache: 64 + 64 KiB (Data + Instructions)
- L2-Cache: 256 KiB, fullspeed
- MMX, 3DNow!, SSE
- Socket A (EV6)
- Front side bus: 133/166 MHz (266/333 MT/s)
- VCore: 1.5 V - 1.65 V
- First release: June 10, 2002 (A), August 21, 2002 (B)
- Clockrate:
- T-Bred "A": 1400 - 1800 MHz (1600+ to 2200+)
- T-Bred "B": 1400 - 2250 MHz (1600+ to 2800+)
- 133 MHz FSB: 1400 - 2133 MHz (1600+ to 2600+)
- 166 MHz FSB: 2083 - 2250 MHz (2600+ to 2800+)
[edit] Barton and Thorton
Fifth-generation Athlon Barton-core processors released in early 2003 featured PR ratings of 2500+, 2600+, 2800+, 3000+, and 3200+. While not operating at higher clock rates than Thoroughbred-core processors, they earned their higher PR-rating by featuring a total of 512 KiB L2 cache and, in some models, a faster 400 MT/s front side bus.[16] The Thorton core was a variant of the Barton with half of the L2 cache disabled and thus functionally identical to the Thoroughbred core.
By the time of Barton's release, the "Northwood" Pentium 4 had become more than competitive with AMD's processors.[17] Unfortunately, due to the architecture of AMD's processor caches, an L2 cache increase to 512 KiB did not have nearly the same impact as it did to Intel's line. Only an increase of several percent was gained in per-clock performance.[16] The PR rating became somewhat inaccurate because some Barton models with lower clock rate weren't consistently outperforming their higher-clocked Thoroughbred predecessors with lower ratings.[17]
The other improvement, a higher 400 MT/s bus clock, helped Barton gain some more efficiency. However, it was clear by this time that Intel's quad-pumped bus was scaling well above AMD's double-pumped EV7 bus. The 800 MT/s Pentium 4 bus was well out of Athlon's reach. In order to reach the same bandwidth levels, the Athlon bus would have to be clocked at levels simply unreachable.[16]
The K7 architecture had scaled to its limit. Maintaining performance equivalence with Intel's improving processors would require a significant redesign.[16] AMD would soon launch Athlon 64.
Specifications:
Barton (130 nm)
- L1-Cache: 64 + 64 KiB (Data + Instructions)
- L2-Cache: 512 KiB, fullspeed
- MMX, 3DNow!, SSE
- Socket A (EV6)
- Front side bus: 166/200 MHz (333/400 MT/s)
- VCore: 1.65 V
- First release: February 10, 2003
- Clockrate: 1833 - 2333 MHz (2500+ to 3200+)
- 166 MHz FSB: 1833 - 2333 MHz (2500+ to 3200+)
- 200 MHz FSB: 2100, 2200 MHz (3000+, 3200+)
Thorton (130 nm)
- L1-Cache: 64 + 64 KiB (Data + Instructions)
- L2-Cache: 256 KiB, fullspeed
- MMX, 3DNow!, SSE
- Socket A (EV6)
- Front side bus: 133/166/200 MHz (266/333/400 MT/s)
- VCore: 1.5 V - 1.65 V
- First release: September 2003
- Clockrate: 1667 - 2200 MHz (2000+ to 3100+)
- 133 MHz FSB: 1600 - 2133 MHz (2000+ to 2600+)
- 166 MHz FSB: 2083 MHz (2600+)
- 200 MHz FSB: 2200 MHz (3100+)
[edit] Mobile Athlon XP
Mobile Athlon XPs (Athlon XP-M) are identical to normal Athlon XPs, apart from running at lower voltages, often lower bus speeds, and not being multiplier-locked. The lower Vcore rating caused the CPU to have lower power consumption (ideal for battery-powered laptops) and lower heat production. Athlon XP-M CPUs also have a higher-rated heat tolerance, a requirement of the tight conditions within a notebook PC.
The Athlon XP-M replaced the older Mobile Athlon 4. The Mobile Athlon 4 used the older Palomino core, while the Athlon XP-M used the newer Thoroughbred and Barton cores. Some specialized low-power Athlon XP-Ms utilize the microPGA socket 563 rather than the standard Socket A.
The CPUs, like their mobile K6+ predecessors, were also capable of dynamic clock adjustment for power optimization. When the system is idle, the CPU clocks itself down through a lower bus multiplier and also reduces its voltage. Then, when a program demands more computational resources, the CPU very quickly (there is some latency) returns to intermediate or maximum speed to meet the demand. This technology was marketed as "PowerNow!". It was similar to Intel's SpeedStep power saving technique. The feature was controlled by the CPU, motherboard BIOS, and operating system. AMD later renamed the technology to Cool'n'Quiet, on their K8-based CPUs (Athlon 64, etc), and re-imagined it for use on desktop PCs as well.
Athlon XP-Ms were popular with desktop overclockers, as well as underclockers. The lower voltage requirement and higher heat rating resulted in CPUs that were basically "cherry picked" from the manufacturing line. Being the best of the cores off the line, the CPUs typically were more reliably overclocked than their desktop-headed counterparts. Also, the fact that they weren't locked to a single multiplier was a significant simplification for the overclocking process. Some Barton core Athlon XP-Ms have been successfully overclocked to as high as 3.1 GHz.
As stated, the chips were also liked for their underclocking ability. Underclocking is a process of determining the lowest Vcore at which a CPU can remain stable at for a given clock speed. The Athlon XP-M CPUs were capable of running lower voltages per clock rate compared to their desktop siblings. As such, the chips were used in home theater PC systems due to their high performance and low heat output at low Vcore settings.
[edit] Athlon competitors
[edit] Supercomputers
The fastest supercomputers based on AthlonMP:
- Rutgers University, Department of Physics & Astronomy. Machine: NOW Cluster - AMD Athlon. CPU: 512 AthlonMP (1.65 GHz). Rmax: 794 Gigaflops.
- Athlon is the name of a family of CPUs designed by AMD, targeted mostly at the desktop market.
Athlon (Model 1,K7 "Argon", 250 nm)
K7500MTR51B C, K7550MTR51B C and K7650MTR51B C
- L2-Cache always runs with 50% of CPU speed
- All models support: MMX, Enhanced 3DNow!
| Model Number | Frequency | L2-Cache | FSB 1 | Multiplier | Voltage | TDP | Socket | Release Date | Order Part Number |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Athlon 500 | 500 MHz | 512 KiB | 200 MT/s | 5x | 1.60 V | 42 W | Slot A | June 23, 1999 | |
| Athlon 550 | 550 MHz | 512 KiB | 200 MT/s | 5.5x | 1.60 V | 46 W | Slot A | June 23, 1999 | |
| Athlon 600 | 600 MHz | 512 KiB | 200 MT/s | 6x | 1.60 V | 50 W | Slot A | June 23, 1999 | |
| Athlon 650 | 650 MHz | 512 KiB | 200 MT/s | 6.5x | 1.60 V | 54 W | Slot A | August 9, 1999 | |
| Athlon 700 | 700 MHz | 512 KiB | 200 MT/s | 7x | 1.60 V | 50 W | Slot A | October 4, 1999 |
[edit] Athlon (Model 2, K75 "Pluto/Orion", 180 nm)
K7600MTR51B A, K7700MTR51B A, K7750MTR52B A, K7800MPR52B A and K7850MPR52B A
- L2-Cache runs with 50% (up to 700 MHz), 40% (up to 850 MHz) or 33% (up to 1000 MHz) of CPU speed
- All models support: MMX, Enhanced 3DNow!
| Model Number | Frequency | L2-Cache | FSB 1 | Multiplier | Voltage | TDP | Socket | Release Date | Order Part Number |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Athlon 550 | 550 MHz | 512 KiB | 200 MT/s | 5.5x | 1.60 V | 31 W | Slot A | November 29, 1999 | |
| Athlon 600 | 600 MHz | 512 KiB | 200 MT/s | 6x | 1.60 V | 34 W | Slot A | November 29, 1999 | |
| Athlon 650 | 650 MHz | 512 KiB | 200 MT/s | 6.5x | 1.60 V | 36 W | Slot A | November 29, 1999 | |
| Athlon 700 | 700 MHz | 512 KiB | 200 MT/s | 7x | 1.60 V | 39 W | Slot A | November 29, 1999 | |
| Athlon 750 | 750 MHz | 512 KiB | 200 MT/s | 7.5x | 1.60 V | 40 W | Slot A | November 29, 1999 | |
| Athlon 800 | 800 MHz | 512 KiB | 200 MT/s | 8x | 1.70 V | 48 W | Slot A | January 6, 2000 | |
| Athlon 850 | 850 MHz | 512 KiB | 200 MT/s | 8.5x | 1.70 V | 50 W | Slot A | February 11, 2000 | |
| Athlon 900 | 900 MHz | 512 KiB | 200 MT/s | 9x | 1.80 V | 60 W | Slot A | March 6, 2000 | |
| Athlon 950 | 950 MHz | 512 KiB | 200 MT/s | 9.5x | 1.80 V | 62 W | Slot A | March 6, 2000 | |
| Athlon 1000 | 1000 MHz | 512 KiB | 200 MT/s | 10x | 1.80 V | 65 W | Slot A | March 6, 2000 |
[edit] Athlon (Model 4, "Thunderbird", 180 nm)
A0700MPR24B A, A0700APT3B, A0850AMT3B, A0900AMT3B, A1000AMT3B, A1100AMS3B, A1200AMS3C, A1300AMS3B, A1333AMS3C and A1400AMS3C
- L2-Cache always runs with full CPU speed
- All models support: MMX, Enhanced 3DNow!
| Model Number | Frequency | L2-Cache | FSB 1 | Multiplier | Voltage | TDP | Socket | Release Date | Order Part Number |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Athlon 600 | 600 MHz | 256 KiB | 200 MT/s | 6x | 1.75 V | ??? | Socket A, Slot A | June 5, 2000 | A0600AMT3B |
| Athlon 650 | 650 MHz | 256 KiB | 200 MT/s | 6.5x | 1.7/1.75 V | 36.1/38 W | Socket A, Slot A | June 5, 2000 | A0650AMT3B A0650APT3B |
| Athlon 700 | 700 MHz | 256 KiB | 200 MT/s | 7x | 1.7/1.75 V | 38.3/40 W | Socket A, Slot A | June 5, 2000 | A0700AMT3B A0700APT3B |
| Athlon 750 | 750 MHz | 256 KiB | 200 MT/s | 7.5x | 1.7/1.75 V | 40.4/43 W | Socket A, Slot A | June 5, 2000 | A0750AMT3B |
| Athlon 800 | 800 MHz | 256 KiB | 200 MT/s | 8x | 1.7/1.75 V | 42.6/45 W | Socket A, Slot A | June 5, 2000 | A0800AMT3B A0800APT3B |
| Athlon 850 | 850 MHz | 256 KiB | 200 MT/s | 8.5x | 1.7/1.75 V | 44.8/47 W | Socket A, Slot A | June 5, 2000 | A0850AMT3B A0850APT3B |
| Athlon 900 | 900 MHz | 256 KiB | 200 MT/s | 9x | 1.75 V | 50 W | Socket A, Slot A | June 5, 2000 | A0900AMT3B A0900APT3B |
| Athlon 950 | 950 MHz | 256 KiB | 200 MT/s | 9.5x | 1.75 V | 52 W | Socket A, Slot A | June 5, 2000 | A0950AMT3B |
| Athlon 1000B | 1000 MHz | 256 KiB | 200 MT/s | 10x | 1.75 V | 54 W | Socket A, Slot A | June 5, 2000 | A1000AMS3B |
| Athlon 1000C | 1000 MHz | 256 KiB | 266 MT/s | 7.5x | 1.75 V | 54 W | Socket A | October 31, 2000 | A1000AMS3C |
| Athlon 1100B | 1100 MHz | 256 KiB | 200 MT/s | 11x | 1.75 V | 55.1/60 W | Socket A | August 14, 2000 | A1100AMS3B |
| Athlon 1133C | 1133 MHz | 256 KiB | 266 MT/s | 8.5x | 1.75 V | 63 W | Socket A | October 31, 2000 | A1133AMS3C |
| Athlon 1200B | 1200 MHz | 256 KiB | 200 MT/s | 12x | 1.75 V | 66 W | Socket A | October 17, 2000 | A1200AMS3B |
| Athlon 1200C | 1200 MHz | 256 KiB | 266 MT/s | 9x | 1.75 V | 66 W | Socket A | October 31, 2000 | A1200AMS3C |
| Athlon 1300B | 1300 MHz | 256 KiB | 200 MT/s | 13x | 1.75 V | 68 W | Socket A | March 21, 2001 | A1300AMS3B |
| Athlon 1333C | 1333 MHz | 256 KiB | 266 MT/s | 10x | 1.75 V | 70 W | Socket A | March 21, 2001 | A1333AMS3C |
| Athlon 1400B | 1400 MHz | 256 KiB | 200 MT/s | 14x | 1.75 V | 72 W | Socket A | June 6, 2001 | A1400AMS3B |
| Athlon 1400C | 1400 MHz | 256 KiB | 266 MT/s | 10.5x | 1.75 V | 72 W | Socket A | June 6, 2001 | A1400AMS3C The Athlon 64 microprocessor from AMD is an eighth-generation CPU targeted at the consumer market.  |
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